{
  "$comment": "CANONICAL SOURCE OF TRUTH for EU AI Act facts used across LedgerProof surfaces (scanner, site, verifier, content). Edit HERE only; every surface reads from this file so figures can never drift. Public, citeable facts — belongs in the open layer. Not legal advice; figures should be counsel-verified before launch copy.",
  "regulation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Act)",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-06-13",
  "sources": [
    "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Articles 50, 99, 101",
    "European Commission AI Act timeline",
    "appendices/01-scanner-spec.md §1.6 (Article 50 penalty + enforcement dates)"
  ],
  "not_legal_advice": "These are publicly observable regulatory facts, provided for orientation. They are not legal advice and not a determination of compliance. Consult qualified counsel.",

  "penalties": {
    "summary": "The EU AI Act sets tiered administrative fines by the type of breach. The cap is 'whichever is higher' of a fixed euro amount or a percentage of total worldwide annual turnover (preceding financial year). For SMEs and start-ups the LOWER of the two applies (Art. 99(6)).",
    "basis_note": "whichever is higher (fixed amount vs. % of total worldwide annual turnover)",
    "sme_rule": "For SMEs and start-ups, the applicable fine is the LOWER of the percentage or the fixed amount (Art. 99(6)).",
    "article50_tier_id": "obligations",
    "tiers": [
      {
        "id": "prohibited",
        "article": "99(3)",
        "label": "Prohibited AI practices",
        "max_eur": 35000000,
        "max_pct": 7.0,
        "applies_to": "Non-compliance with the Article 5 prohibitions (e.g. social scoring, manipulative or exploitative AI, certain biometric categorisation and real-time remote biometric identification).",
        "is_article50": false
      },
      {
        "id": "obligations",
        "article": "99(4)",
        "label": "Operator obligations (incl. Article 50 transparency)",
        "max_eur": 15000000,
        "max_pct": 3.0,
        "applies_to": "Non-compliance with obligations other than Article 5 by providers, deployers, importers, distributors and notified bodies — including the Article 50 transparency obligations and the high-risk obligations.",
        "is_article50": true
      },
      {
        "id": "misleading_information",
        "article": "99(5)",
        "label": "Incorrect or misleading information to authorities",
        "max_eur": 7500000,
        "max_pct": 1.0,
        "applies_to": "Supplying incorrect, incomplete or misleading information to notified bodies or national competent authorities in reply to a request.",
        "is_article50": false
      },
      {
        "id": "gpai",
        "article": "101",
        "label": "General-purpose AI model providers",
        "max_eur": 15000000,
        "max_pct": 3.0,
        "applies_to": "Fines the Commission may impose on providers of general-purpose AI models.",
        "is_article50": false
      }
    ]
  },

  "key_dates": [
    { "date": "2024-08-01", "label": "The EU AI Act entered into force.", "tier_ref": null },
    { "date": "2025-02-02", "label": "Article 5 prohibitions and AI-literacy obligations began to apply.", "tier_ref": "prohibited" },
    { "date": "2025-08-02", "label": "General-purpose AI model rules, governance, and the penalty provisions began to apply.", "tier_ref": "gpai" },
    { "date": "2026-08-02", "label": "Article 50 transparency obligations and most high-risk obligations apply. This is the scanner's countdown anchor.", "tier_ref": "obligations", "scanner_anchor": true },
    { "date": "2026-12-02", "label": "Transition deadline (per the May 2026 Digital Omnibus provisional agreement) for the Article 50(2) machine-readable marking obligation, for generative systems already on the market before 2 August 2026.", "tier_ref": "obligations" },
    { "date": "2027-08-02", "label": "High-risk obligations apply to AI that is itself a regulated product (Annex I) already subject to third-party conformity assessment.", "tier_ref": "obligations" }
  ],

  "article50": {
    "title": "Article 50 — Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems",
    "enforcement_date": "2026-08-02",
    "penalty_tier_id": "obligations",
    "marking_transition_note": "The Article 50(2) machine-readable marking obligation has a transition to 2 December 2026 for generative systems already on the market before 2 August 2026; new systems comply from 2 August 2026.",
    "obligations": [
      { "ref": "50(1)", "summary": "AI systems that interact directly with people must inform them they are interacting with an AI, unless it is obvious to a reasonably informed person." },
      { "ref": "50(2)", "summary": "Providers of systems generating synthetic audio, image, video or text must mark outputs as artificially generated or manipulated, in a machine-readable form." },
      { "ref": "50(3)", "summary": "Deployers of emotion-recognition or biometric-categorisation systems must inform the people exposed to them." },
      { "ref": "50(4)", "summary": "Deployers of deepfakes, and of AI-generated text published to inform the public on matters of public interest, must disclose that the content is artificially generated or manipulated." },
      { "ref": "50(5)", "summary": "The information must be provided clearly and distinguishably, at the latest at the first interaction or exposure." }
    ]
  }
}